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Knin Fortress ((クロアチア語:Kninska tvrđava)) is a partially ruined fortress located just above Knin, Croatia. It is one of the biggest and most significant defensive strongholds,〔Hrvatska enciklopedija, Dalibor Brozović, Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža", 1999, ISBN 953-6036-29-0〕 and a historical town in the Šibenik-Knin County in the Dalmatian hinterland. The construction of the fortress started as early as 9th century, while the current state was brought up in 17th and 18th centuries.〔(Grad Knin – O Kninu – Kninska tvrđava )〕〔(Kninska tvrđava )〕 It reached its peak during the reign of Demetrius Zvonimir, King of Croatia from 1076, as it served as a political center of the Croatian Kingdom under him.〔 ==Location and description== It is situated on the main transport corridor leading from Dalmatia to continental Croatia and Bosnia. The Knin Fortress lies on top of the steep Spas mountain, just 100 meters (328 ft) above the Croatian town of Knin,〔 whose historical location was formed quite early at the foothills of the same mountain. Archaeological excavations date that this area was populated since the 6th century. It is long, and 110 meters (361 ft) wide, elevated at above the sea. The original look of the building, because of the lack of its material, isn't completely known. According to other similar fortifications from that time, it is assumed that it was surrounded by high walls, while the construction was accommodated to the terrain; it is environmentally secured by steep slopes on some places. The fortress comprises three parts: northern, middle and southern.〔 Each part of the fortress is protected by loopholes and gun holes, and is connected to other parts by the city gates and drawbridges.〔 The formation of the northern section, according to recent research, happened from the middle of the 8th century to the end of the 11th century. Baroque stone gates are set on the main entrance to the fortress, where the doors are made out of oakwood and strengthened with iron nails. This monumental entrance was most likely constructed by Ignacije Macanović, a builder from Trogir. Above the doors, the symbol of the Venetian Republic can be seen. Towards the northern part, on the left side, a building of the governor of arms used to be there; today it is the old city hall. Left of it were the barracks which eventually became the gallery of the museum of Knin. On the same location a memorial was elevated to fra Lujo Marun (1857–1939), a friar who was the first to instigate archaeological excavations in this area, and to discover many remains of the old Croatian culture. Within the church of St. Barbara, a bell is kept as a gift from Pope John Paul II, which was given to Knin during his stay in 1994. The current state was undertaken by a Venetian military engineer, Alberghetti, where an inscription suggests that the construction works were completed in 1711.〔Starohrvatska prosvjeta, Izdavački zavod Jugoslavenske akademije, 1960〕 It is protected as a historical urban complex and is inscribed in the register of the Cultural heritage of Croatia as a monument of top importance. The church of St. Barbra, dedicated to Cyril and Methodius, also holds a 10th-century epitaph written in Old Church Slavonic: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Knin Fortress」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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